Strategy and Policy Study Guide and Case Study

Strategy and Policy Guide and - Case Study Example ormance and durability and has formed a strong distribution network to ensure these shoes reach to all corners of the globe in time and at a reasonable price. (b) Basing on the IE matrix above, it is advisable that the company currently is not in a position to expand but should rather â€Å"hold and maintain†. The IE matrix is made up of three strategically important regions; First, The cells labelled I, II and III represent the possibility of expansion. The company should therefore concentrate on improving market penetration, develop new markets and increase the products available on the market. The second region represented by numbers IV, V, and VI implies the company should be more concerned with market penetration of existing markets. The last region represented by VII, VIII, and IX numbers is an indicator the company should consider the possibility of exiting from the market as it tries rebranding to rejuvenate the business. In this strategy, the company will establish sales teams that will market and track the market acceptance of specific products without focusing on other company products. First the company is to identify two or three products that are performing below the expected potential owing to the performance of similar products in the market by other companies. Then a team is selected to carry out market research and establish reason why the products are not performing well and strategies employed by competitors to market their products. The team will then draw a plan ready for implementation with clear targets markets, quantities and time frame for implementation. These teams will have to carry out evaluation after a number of months to check if the strategy is giving positive results. The company wants to be felt by customers both in the high end and low end market. In applying this strategy, the product marketed will be appealing to all markets and customers will want to have a feel of the product. The team will identify areas in the plan that

In-depth Economic Analysis of Brazil, Russia, India and China Essay

In-depth Economic Analysis of Brazil, Russia, India and China - Essay Example The term BRIC was in a way, created in the year 2001 by Jim O’Neill. Since then, the term BRIC has rather evolved into a concept which refers to economic growth. Each of the four emerging nations owns most of the components required to attain superior economic development in the world of today (â€Å"EconomyWatch†, 2010). Country Profiles Brazil In terms of country area, Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world with the country size being 8,514,877 sq km. The estimated population of Brazil in 2012 is 205,716,890; which is also fifth largest in the world. The rate of population growth hovers around 1.1% while 87% of the country’s population resides in urban areas. The age structure of Brazil illustrates that 67% of the inhabitants lie in the age bracket of 15-64 years, which is a healthy sign for any growing economy. The literacy rate, which stands at 88.6%, is pretty encouraging. Portuguese is the state’s official language. As far as the division o f population on the basis of religion is concerned, 73.6% of the population is Roman Catholic while 15.4% is Protestant. Brazil achieved independence in the year 1822, after more than three hundred years of Portuguese rule. The country continued with a monarchical government system up till the abandonment of slavery in 1888, followed by a declaration of a republic in 1889. The coffee exporters used to politically control the country until Getulio Vargas assumed power in 1930. In the year 1985, Brazil acquired freedom from military and populist rule. Ever since, it has set itself on the expedition of industrial and agricultural development. Economy Review The economy of Brazil revolves around hefty and well-managed sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, mining and services; which have made Brazil an economic leader in South America. Since the year 2003, Brazil has gained strength on a macro-economic basis, with the piling up of foreign reserves in addition to betterment of debt posit ion. Brazil has been one of the initial economies to demonstrate a recovery after the 2008 recession. By securing the position of the world’s seventh biggest economy in 2011, Brazil has been able to comfortably outshine United Kingdom (â€Å"CIA†, 2012). Russia Russia enjoys the first position with respect to country size in the world, as it has a total area of 17,098,242 sq km. The country’s estimated population in 2012 is 138,082,178, which is ninth highest among all countries. The rate of population growth has been a negative 0.48%. 73% population is located in urban areas. With reference to economic standpoint, the age structure is a promising one with almost 71% of the country’s people in the age category of 15-64. The literacy rate is very high at 99.4%. With respect to religion, 15-20% of the population is Russian Orthodox while around 10-15% is Muslim. However, Russia is known for a large number of nonbelievers primarily because of the legacy left by the Soviet era. Russian has always been the official language of the country. After 2 centuries of Mongol rule, the Principality of Muscovy was established in the 12th century. Up till the 19th century, numerous territorial acquisitions were undertaken

Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman English Literature Essay

Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman English Literature Essay Marxism is an ideology that was theorised by Karl Marx that is based on the social and economic processes of class formation in a capitalist society. According to Marx there are two classes namely the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie or ruling class own and control the means of production. They monopolise the political power and put laws in place in order to protect and further their interests. In this way the beliefs and values will reflect and legitimate their rule. Whereas, the proletariat or working class are dispossessed from making their own livelihood, but are forced to sell their labour for survival. If the dominant classs power is accepted as legitimate by the working class, this is known as false consciousness (Longurst, Smith, Bagnall, Crawford Ogborn, 2008). This ideology became the basis of analysing literature, known as Marxist criticism. Marxist critics approach to literature is based on sociological influences, which means that the texts are the result of whichever historical, economic as well as cultural circumstances they were created in. Texts from whichever epoch reveal the dominate classs ideology, thus making them subjective. (Potter, 2010) The Great Gatsby is a novel written by Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. The novel focuses on the lives of the dominant class of a western capitalistic society and how they are shaped by this lifestyle. On the other hand, Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller in 1949. The novel focuses on the life of a family of proletariats and how they are impacted by the bourgeoisies in society. The Great Gatsby does not focus on both economic classes. Instead it focuses on different groups of the dominant class, namely old money and the nouveau riche and as a result this novel reflects the dominant ideology. Although the working class is mentioned, they are ignored for the most part. Old money is represented by East Egg, West Egg represents the nouveau riche and the working class is represented by the Valley of Ashes. The protagonist, Jay Gatsby, is part of the nouveau riche who lives in West Egg. Jay Gatsby moves from being the son of shiftless and unsuccessful farm people (1994 p.105) to becoming the owner of a huge West Egg mansion with a marble swimming pool and over forty acres of lawn and garden (1994 p.11), this shows the possibilities offered by the American dream. Gatsby earns his money through illegal means, which places him in the new money category, and as a result he flaunts by throwing extravagant parties and buying expensive cars. Another reason Gatsby flaunts is to get the attention and win the affection of Daisy, thus treating her as a commodity (Tyson, 2006). Old money, on the other hand, has had money for generations, so they do not flaunt. Old money, people like Tom and Daisy, look down on the nouveau riche, because they got rich quick and, because they are threatening the status quo. Myrtle and George Wilson are working class characters but they have aspirations to move to the upper class. George wants to achieve this through his business. Whereas, Myrtle has an affair with Tom in the hopes that he will eventually marrying her. Both the Wilsons are commodified by the bourgeoisie and disillusioned by the American dream. Myrtles murder is a perfect example of how the bourgeoisie do not suffer the consequences of their actions, because they have money, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and let other people clean up the mess they made (1994 p.186). One person attends Gatsbys funeral, demonstrating that his attainment of the American dream was only an illusion. Death of a Salesman is also a text that reflects the dominant ideology, but in this case the play is written from the point of view of the working class. Although the dominant class has an effect on the main characters they are largely ignored in the play. Willy Loman, the protagonist, is a worn out travelling salesman on the point of a breakdown. But Willy still believes in the capitalist values and has passed on the hopes of success onto his son Biff. Disillusioned by the dominant ideology, Willy is blind to its destructiveness and is fixated with his plans for Biff. Biff, however, has no intentions in following the plans his father has set out for him and intends to pursue a different path, one that Miller associates with socialist society. His lack of drive to follow conventional success is teaching him, not that he is useless, and but that the business world might not be for him and that he is better off without it. He is trying to understand himself and discover his true identi ty. In the beginning of the play, he was not sure of himself and as a result returned home in an attempt to fulfil his fathers dream. Happy, Willy other son, has a good job and would like to go further. He also has uncertainties about his career but has no way to replace it. (Swets Zeitlinger, 1994) The scene in which Howard, Willys young boss, fires Willy is a perfect example of the logic of the capitalist economic instrument. Willy, in an attempt to avoid failure, appeals to Howards conscience, reminding him the he has been a loyal and long term worker for the company, but to no avail. Although Howard is Willys friend and neighbour, he is a business man and abides by the law of profit making first, business is business (2000 p.63), which is absolute in the capitalist business world. Willy refuses a job offer by Charley because he feels its charity and would destroy his image of himself as a self-reliant individual. Willy failure and Biff similar fate makes Willy reject his son. This shows how capitalist value can distort and destroy a meaningful relationship between father and son. (Swets Zeitlinger, 1994) Willy decides to commit suicide in the hopes that his life insurance payment will enable Biff to rise in the world. But, Biff becomes the only one in the play to understand the destructive nature of capitalist values and pities his father, exclaiming: I cant bear to look at his face! (2000 p.115) Both texts show how in a capitalist society money gives power and those who have money control the power of society. As well as in western capitalist society the upper will inevitably oppress the working class and that the American dream is both an illusion and elusive. This essay has discussed how the two texts differ socioeconomically, using a Marxist criticism approach. Specific reference has been made to Marxism and how it relates to Marxist criticism, the context of both texts by focusing on the time periods as well as how the characters lived. This essay has also looked at the socioeconomic context of The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman.

Essay on Dignity of the African People in Chinua Achebes Things Fall A

Dignity of the African People Conveyed in Things Fall Apart In Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, it is shown that the African people had their own complex culture before the Europeans decided to "pacify" them. The idea that the dignity of these people has been greatly compromised is acknowledged in the essay "The Role of the Writer," which is explanatory of Achebe's novels. A writer trying to capture the truth of a situation that his readers may know little or nothing about needs a sense of history in order to appropriately address the topic. It is not enough "to beat" another writer to the issue. Writers should make the attempt to express a deeper understanding. Without proper mental investment in a written work, the product will be a shallow representation of what it is meant to convey. Achebe chose to write his novel realistically. He includes the beauty of the Ibo's culture, as well as the gruesome. He recorded that a man might help kill his own adopted son for fear that he would be "thought weak." He also revealed that newborn twins were thrown away. Along with the "great depth" comes tragedy, but all of the details were required to make an accurate presentation of the subject. The writer must understand that the truth is not selective to the pleasant facts. The District Commissioner believed that it was important that he "be firm in cutting out the details" and decreed that a paragraph would suffice for the explanation of Okonkwo. However, Achebe, in essence, wrote an entire novel about this character. It is arrogant to believe that the complete understanding of a human being can be accomplished so easily. The character of the District Commissioner is a prime example of a biased ... ...priciously without consideration to the public's attention to written news. Care must be taken and time set aside to allow for every needed aspect of a literary work to develop. Writing for expediency often excludes the "value and beauty" in the culture of the Africans. Fallacious arguments and insincere statements result from hastening a document. Writers have the opportunity to "tell the people" the harsh realities of the past. Each one who writes about the colonial period has the choice to just write something or to write something substantial. The goal of a writer should be to influence the world for the better. With a proper attitude towards the material, knowledge of the history, and care taken for the preparation, the dignity and self-respect lost to the African people can be regained, and many can know "where the rain began to beat them."

Maslow’s Theory of Motivation – Hierarchy of Needs

In 1943, Dr. Abraham Maslow ‘s article â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation † appeared in Psychological Review, which were further expanded upon in his book: Toward a Psychology of Being In this article, Abraham H. Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with people, rather than as did the prior psychology theories of his day from authors such as Freud and B. F. Skinner, which were largely theoretical or based upon animal behavior. From this theory of motivation, modern leaders and executive managers find means of motivation for the purposes of employee and workforce management. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality (1954), formally introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs â€Å"deficiency needs. † As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. As a result, for adequate workplace motivation, it is important that leadership understands the active needs active for individual employee motivation. In this manner, Maslow's model indicates that fundamental, lower-order needs like safety and physiological requirements have to be satisfied in order to pursue higher-level motivators along the lines of self-fulfillment. As depicted in the following hierarchical diagram, sometimes called ‘Maslow's Needs Pyramid' or ‘Maslow's Needs Triangle', after a need is satisfied it stops acting as a motivator and the next need one rank higher starts to motivate.

Baroque and Classicism

The Baroque style in art that flourished in the seventeenth century is characterized by â€Å"intense emotions, monumental decors, and even a kind of artistic sensationalism (Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 473). † It is a movement that was heavily embellished and very complex, primarily because it wanted to evoke a strong sense of emotion from the viewer. The artists who subscribed to this particular movement â€Å"embraced dynamism, theatricality, and elaborate ornamentation, all used to spectacular effect, often on a grandiose scale (Klein 649). The term itself is believed to have come room the Portuguese word barroom, which referred to an irregularly shaped pearl. It somewhat fitting, as baroque sculptures, particularly, have many complex textures as part of their ornamentation. A prime example of the baroque style in sculpture is the work of Italian sculptor Giant Lorenz Bernie, Ecstasy of SST. Teresa of Г?vial. The sculpture is distinctly baroque, first in terms of its form. Looking at the sculpture, it is easy to see how diverse the visual textures are in Bering's work. The large, thick folds of the clothing of SST.Teresa contrasts with the lighter, thinner texture of the clothing of the angel piercing her with an arrow. These textures are also clearly discernible and different from the smoky texture of the cloud below, the smooth, porcelain-like skin of both SST. Teresa and the angel, and the ordered rays representing God behind the primary figures. This diversity in textures is a manifestation of the baroque style's obsession with ornamentation, as the complexity it creates is almost overwhelming to the viewer. Another aspect of Bering's work that exemplifies the baroque is its whitetail presentation of emotion.The choice of the subject matter is already lends itself to such theatricality, since the sculpture is depicting the SST. Teresa in one of her trances after her conversion to Catholicism after the death of her father, which she describes as being caused by â€Å"the fire-tipped arrow of divine love that an angel had thrust repeatedly into her heart (Klein 654). † The emotion on her face as rendered by Bernie is one of an almost sexual climax, on display for everyone to see. This equation of an orgasmic, painful pleasure is a means to let the viewer understand on hysterical terms the transcendent experience of the divine.Only the baroque style, with its emphasis on emotion can capture and manifest such a state. Classicism is an art movement that was also popular during the seventeenth century, but more so in France, compared to the primacy of the baroque in Italy. It was espoused by the French king, Louis XIV as the preferred style for French artists. Classicism reflected the ideals of the art of antiquity: â€Å"geometric shapes, order, and harmony of lines took precedence over the sensuous, exuberant, and emotional forms of the baroque Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 510). It recalls the classical period, whic h in the arts refers to the traditions of the Greeks and the Romans. There is a stronger emphasis on symmetry and straight lines in classicism, which embody the order and reason prized among artists that subscribe to this movement. The work by French artist Nicholas Poisson, Discovery of Achilles on Gyros, is an excellent example of classicism. Looking at the forms in the painting, it is easy to see how ordered everything is. There is a dominance of straight lines, not only in the classical architecture depicted behind Achilles and his sword, but also in the poses assumed by the figures.The arms of the women are carefully positioned to create straight lines. The use of color is also very harmonious and ordered, as Poisson uses complementary colors of blue and orange to make the clothing pop out. The skin tone of the all the women are also clearly fairer than that of the men, so as to make the viewer clearly recognize differences in gender. There is a distinct lack of emotion in the painting, as the facial expressions of the figures are very stoic and subdued.

Midsummer Nights Dream essays

Midsummer Nights Dream essays A Midsummer Nights Dream: The Movie The director of A Midsummer Nights Dream, Michael Hoffman, partially modernized the drama by changing it from 16th century in Greece to the turn of the 19th Century in Italy. The opening credits explain that it was a time when the bustle was on the wane and the bicycle was on the rise. These were considered harmonizing trends. These modernizations werent too modern, and his changes to the original story were minor and almost unnoticeable. But the film turned out a success with some effective touches here and there. The bicycle allowed for the characters to pedal after each other rather than chasing each other around on foot. It was a successful change that added a touch of humour and a little more interest to the story. At the beginning of the film we are servants preparing for Theseus wedding day. This instantly shows that Theseus has power and is high in society. A while after we are introduced to Helena. We see her walking down a road sulking and she comments on showers of ode did meet... As she is saying this its pouring rain. I thought that this was an interesting effect. It was definitely something that wasnt visualized in the book. We are then introduced to the mechanicals. The director of this film arranged for the camera to pass by Bottom the first time as a donkey walked in front of his face. Later in the film, Puck changes Bottoms head into that of an ass. Also, in the book, we were not introduced to Bottoms wife. In the film, she was added to give us some background about Bottom. She asks a person in the market Where is that worthless dreamer? This tells us right away that Bottoms head is always up in the clouds and he is a foolish thinker. Also, Bottoms wife is used to make the audience feel sympathetic towards him. Later on, after the gathering about the play, when he ...

Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals

Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals The word curriculum comes from a Latin word currere, which means the course of the chariot race or run. According to Smith and Lovat (2003), curriculum is a cultural reproduction that has structures involving independent thinking and social responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McCarthy and McCarthy (2005) defines curriculum as a reconstruction of knowledge and skills that enables one exercise intelligent control over changing life conditions. In a general view, curriculum is all the courses offered in schools as well as universities. It involves lessons and teaching aimed at helping learners to learn the basics that will help them for life after school. When a learner finishes his/her study as per the course requirements, he/she receives certification document, which helps him/her in the future for a certain kind of job. However, core curriculum is an asset of courses that undergraduate does, which is necessary yet chosen by the students. It aimed at transforming the learner as it gives room for learners to exercise their talents and abilities. One should not confuse between a curriculum and a syllabus; the latter is narrowed on expectations within a school system. On the other hand, a curriculum is a broad expectation from a societal perspective. Curriculum development is exceptionally vital in achieving the education goals. It contains a systematic approach that respects the needs of the students in line with their different fields. Curriculum development starts from definition to its final goals on education. Curriculum developers should do this by selecting tools and integrating various values that they find in a particular curriculum. In developing a curriculum, the administrators include courses that students should learn and the strategies that implementers must follow during the lear ning process. The first process of curriculum development involves key subjects, which involves creating a mission statement for the entire process (Skinner, 2010). Markedly, curriculum shaping uses a student-centred approach; this approach encourages learners’ involvement in the learning process. In curriculum development, organizations that represent students are always included in this process; they bring in the interests of the students on board. These student representatives outline what they expect the curriculum to have in the end.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach of including the students’ representatives raises the quality of the education process since learners will easily adopt a curriculum that considers their interests. For instance, in a medical institution, the curriculum merges both the educational theory and methodology thereby mak ing the evaluation processes an inclusive and efficient course. A systematic approach of curriculum design provides high-quality evidence on both the short and long-term effects that the curriculum will have on the learners. This approach improves the education process an institution. Curriculum development ensures continuous education as it solves students’ problems including education costs which is an essential activity. Curriculum designing process evaluates teachings, select learning, and evaluation methods. Moreover, it designs a learning process and assesses the needs of learners in an education system of a country. In addition, it develops rationale as well as revises designed goals in the learning sector and chooses instructions on various learning methods to students in order to aid in curriculum development. In developing a curriculum, the developers should design, implement, and evaluate it in a systematic way (Brady Kennedy, 2010). In the planning process, a cur riculum development committee is convened. Then the committee identifies key issues and the trends in a detailed area of content. Notably, this step focuses on the initiation curriculum development. The committee does this by defining deficits, skills, or attitude existing in the current curriculum. The Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority (ACARA) have been at the central point in developing a curriculum that caters for Kindergarten to Year 12 in Australia. ACARA uses a four-point process in developing the curriculum. The process includes outlining the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders that take part in the entire process, elaborating on the key features of the four phases of curriculum development process, the crucial conditions to curriculum development and timelines for each activity in the curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, the curriculum developer abides by the requirements of the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians; the Declaration stresses on the significance of knowledge, skills, and learning on a broad category in order to inculcate all necessities in the 21st century (MCEETYA, 2008). The Australian Curriculum has been designed to ensure that all learners actively take part in community development. In addition, it is a curriculum, which meets all the needs of learners and enhances growth of students by describing all their entitlement during schooling. Moreover, ACARA consults states and territories in designing and developing the Australian Curriculum. In specific, this body involves Education Authorities from all states in the development process of the curriculum. The Melbourne Declaration stipulated the need for equity and excellence among all the schools in Australia (ACARA, 2012). It goes further to outli ne the need for the curriculum to transform students to creative, confident, independent, and innovative individuals. Markedly, the Declaration has altered the Australian Curriculum to a world-class standard that is essential in the current technological world of the twenty-first century. ACARA on its part has committed to producing a curriculum that is inclusive since it is designed after a wide consultation. It also commits to developing a curriculum that has time bound and achievable activities. In the implementation process, teachers play a key role in ensuring that the goals and objectives of the curriculum are achieved. During the testing stage, the teachers are also the primary stakeholders in this process. This is due to their direct contact with the learners who are the beneficiary of the designed curriculum. Therefore, curriculum administrators should include the teachers in all stages of curriculum development process. Using Australia as an example, the teachers are the o nes who understand the entry behaviours of the students better than other stakeholders do. This direct interaction with learners makes it possible for teachers to provide the necessary skills that ought to be included in the curriculum.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since ACARA designs a curriculum that inculcate all the needs of all the learners at all levels, teachers are well placed to assist in this as they are from multiple grade levels. From this point, teachers are planners in developing an inclusive and efficient curriculum. Teachers also help in curriculum creation by gauging whether an activity will be achievable within a specified period. Properly designed curriculums always have time limits in which all activities have to follow. Inclusion of teachers in curriculum creation enhances their confidence when presenting it to the final users, the students. Inclusion of the teachers’ concerns will make them own the entire curriculum thereby ensuring proper implementation (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Curriculum leaders should actively involve these classroom and school controllers in curricular decision-making since they have a direct link with the final users of the curriculum. Further, this group of stakeholders implements the curriculum in any state or territory. The Australian Curriculum is flexible to enable teachers choose from a variety of options or design their personal components into the curriculum during actual implementation. Teachers go to the classrooms with plans on how to handle different topics within a given time. In this connection, teachers extract a syllabus from the curriculum and design their own schemes of work and lesson plans to use in classrooms. In addition, teachers assist in reflecting on the curriculum in order to identify any weakness that needs to be corrected. They can do this through surveys from students, keeping educational journals and magazines, and conducting a review on students’ performance. This method is helpful in creating a new curriculum that includes the interests of all stakeholders. Clearly, the teachers’ roles in curriculum design and development process are extremely significant; therefore, senior administrators at the curriculum development centres, ACARA for instance, should never ignore the teachers’ roles, responsibilities, and contributions in the entire process. Other stakeholders in curriculum development process include the Ministry of Education, Parents, Inspectors, Principals, and the community religious affiliation. The Ministry of Education plays essential roles in developing the Australian Curriculum; for instance, ACARA is a body under this ministry. As a result, the ministry supervises all the activities that ACARA carries out. The Permanent Secretary in this ministry ensures that funds are availed to aid the entire curriculum development process. In meeting this objective, the ministry carries out an annual national budget on the educational requirements in all the states and territories in Australia. In Australia, efforts by the ministry have enabled them to avail the curriculum in an online environment hence making it accessible to all stakeholders for implementation. ACARA must also consult th e community in which the curriculum is to be implemented in to ensure that the provisions in the curriculum support the beliefs and economic practices in the region. For instance, the curriculum must consider the religious affiliation of a community in designing the curriculum. If this does not occur, the community may be rebellious thereby resulting to failure in curriculum implementation (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Additionally, local communities know what they expect to occur in their villages based on their economic activity; therefore, they can assist in designing a curriculum that encompasses all their needs. ACARA divided the curriculum development into three phases in which English, Mathematics, and Science fall under the first phase. The curriculum developer believes that English helps in creating confident communicators and imaginative thinkers (Glasson, 2009). It has divided English into writing, speaking, and literacy. During curriculum design and development, ACARA inculcates activities in the English syllabus that will mould learners to be ethical, skilful, knowledgeable, and active members of the society. In addition, it assists learners to develop interest in inquiring the aesthetic component of English and appreciate the literature. The Australian Curriculum appreciates the need for effective communication among its citizens in order to remain competitive in the international market. Clearly, this curriculum promotes both national and international unity. The social set-up in a community can affect the design of a curriculum. For instance, a pastoral community will find it useful to have a curriculum that promotes their way of life. Notably, a curriculum that promotes an act like gay marriage in a society that believes in Christian values will not succeed in implementation. In addition, the political system of a country affects the outline of a curriculum (McCarthy McCarthy, 2005). Politicians also can add their views on what they expect in the curriculum. The first step of curriculum development is the needs assessment stage; it involves identifying the sources of funds, dissemination processes, and the methodologies that are suitable in the evaluation process. Curriculum developers conduct substantial researches to analyse the work of educators and practitioners in implementing the curriculum; the research can extend towards public health, epidemiology and resource utilization. Therefore, needs assessment decides on the requirements of the education research question. In the second process, there is the overall assessment of the general needs of the prospective learners. The curriculum development team comes out with the needs after investigating the errors in the practice. They can carry this investigation in a medical or any educational institute. For example, the curriculum development committee expects a graduate student to be able to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in making clear judgements, and comm unicating fluently. If the graduates fail on these expectations, the development committee assesses the errors that the student displays. In the medicine sector, for instance, the curriculum development committee does not only ask the graduate students on their expectations but also ask the communities on their expectations. In this stage, every institution prepares the mission statements, which contain reasons for their existence (Smith Lovat, 2003). Remarkably, the mission statement can include aspects of students’ skills and performance. Further, the statement draws the curriculum expectations from the graduate students and the stakeholders any educational institution. In the field of medicine, ministries representative of health, healthcare and education are included in the mission statement. The mission statement in a medical institute will cover health care role and medical services in the society. Besides, it includes training and research activities that the learners wii undertake within the institute. The third process involves identification and description of goals and objectives of the curriculum review process. The courses and subjects ought to inculcate goals that are similar to the mission and vision of learning institutions within the country. To ensure curriculum implementation is successful, education philosophy of an institution must be included hence reaching the mission of the institution. Learning entails what a graduate student will display at the end of schooling; therefore, meeting this objective requires a commitment towards realization of the goals of the entire curriculum. The outcomes of the learning process can either be coherent with the objectives of education or not (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Moreover, institutions have to encompass their culture in the curriculum to enable graduate students get a clear picture of what the course expects of them. Markedly, curriculum presentation determines the directions which lea rning processes take. The fourth process involves the strategies of education; they include the type of educational environment and elements that the curriculum should communicate. It also involves content organization within the curriculum and finally in the syllabus, which are prepared in advance. The content includes different approaches of teaching various subjects, for example, the heuristic approach of teaching. The educational strategies include student centred methods where the curriculum proposes for active participation of students in the learning process. In this strategy, a student has to decide the learning methodology, the content and scope of their study (Drake, 2007). The second strategy involves problem solving where a learner goes through a clinical problem solving process; the student gathers and present information in this strategy. The fifth step is the implementation stage. First, the management carries out a trial on implementing the curriculum where the roles and responsibilities of students are defined. It is vital to have a friendly atmosphere in the institute where the implementation process is taking place. In this stage, the curriculum implementers continue identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum in order to make necessary changes that will advance and enrich educational institutions. Besides, it enhances the teaching skills through seminars and workshops. In the implementation department, healthy relationships should be encouraged; this improves cooperation among the implementers in delivering on the curriculum expectations (McCarthy McCarthy, 2005). For a successful curriculum reform, departments have to work together since there will be sharing of new and different ideas between them. Additionally, the departments should exercise both horizontal and vertical communication system. Courses in educational institutions should be well organised according to the needs of the learners. It involves lesson timetable, teaching and learning methods, teaching requirements and criteria of assessment. Teaching methods for different courses should be selected; the selection methodology bases its assumptions on the learners’ abilities, as it is a learning process, which fully involves the learners. Moreover, development of human recourse is included in this curriculum developing process (Fogarty, 1997). Qualification in a certain field is a vital requirement in the implementation of curriculum. The sixth process of curriculum development is evaluation. It presents the final stage that provides evidence if the institute is operating as required. This final stage evaluates rates of students pass, interpersonal and psychological ability, as well as professional satisfaction. In addition, it evaluates issues of curriculum compliance of goals and objectives with the intended functions to identify weaknesses that require amendment. At this stage, continuous feedback is necessary to enable modification s and alterations in the curriculum; it aids in creating an inclusive curriculum for all learners in a county. References ACARA. (2012). Curriculum Development Process Paper (Version 6 April 2012). ACARA Home. Web. Brady, L., Kennedy, K. (2010). Curriculum construction (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia. Darling-Hammond, L., Barron, B., Pearson, D., Schoenfeld, A., Stage, E., Zimmerman, T., Cervetti, G., Tilson, J. (2008). Powerful learning: what we know about teaching for understanding. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Drake, S. (2007). Creating standards based integrated curriculum: aligning curriculum, content, assessment and instruction (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. 10. Fogarty, R. (1997). Problem-based learning and other curriculum models for the multiple intelligence classroom. Melbourne: Hawker Brownlow Education. Glasson, T. (2009). Improving student achievement: a practical guide to assessment for learning. Melbourne: Curriculum Corp. McCarthy B., McCarthy , D. (2005). Teaching around the 4MAT Cycle: Designing Instruction for Diverse Learners with Diverse Learning Styles. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. MCEETYA. (2008). Melbourne Declaration on Educational goals for young Australians. Canberra:MCEETYA. Skinner D. (2010). Effective Teaching and Learning in Practice. London New York: Continuum. Smith D Lovat T. (2003). Curriculum: Action on Reflection (4th ed.). Wentworth: Social Science Press.

Characteristics of Ancient Monumental Architecture

Characteristics of Ancient Monumental Architecture The term monumental architecture refers to large humans include pyramids, large tombs, and burial mounds, plazas, platform mounds, temples and churches, palaces and elite residences, astronomical observatories, and erected groups of standing stones. The defining characteristics of monumental architecture are their relatively large size and their public nature- the fact that the structure or space was built by lots of people for lots of people to look at or share in the use of, whether the labor was coerced or consensual, and whether the interiors of the structures were open to the public or reserved for an elite few.   Who Built the First Monuments? Until the late 20th century, scholars believed that monumental architecture could only be constructed by complex societies with rulers who could conscript or otherwise convince the residents into working on large, non-functional structures. However, modern archaeological technology has given us access to the earliest levels of some of the most ancient tells in northern Mesopotamia and Anatolia, and there, scholars discovered something amazing: monumentally-sized cult buildings were constructed at least 12,000 years ago, by what started out as egalitarian hunters and gatherers. Before the discoveries in the northern Fertile Crescent, monumentality was considered costly signaling, a term that means something like elites using conspicuous consumption to demonstrate their power. Political or religious leaders had public buildings built to indicate that they had the power to do so: they certainly did that. But if hunter-gatherers, who ostensibly didnt have full-time leaders, built monumental structures, why did they that do that? Why Did They Do That? One possible driver for why people first started building special structures is climate change. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers living during the cool, arid period known as the Younger Dryas were susceptible to resource fluctuations. People rely on cooperative networks to get them through times of social or environmental stress. The most basic of these cooperative networks is food sharing. Early evidence for feasting- ritual food sharing- is at Hilazon Tachtit, about 12,000 years ago. As part of a highly organized food-sharing project, a large-scale feast can be a competitive event to advertise community power and prestige. That may have led to the construction of larger structures to accommodate larger numbers of people, and so forth. It is possible that the sharing simply stepped up when the climate deteriorated. Evidence for the use of monumental architecture as evidence for religion usually involves the presence of sacred objects or images on the wall. However, a  recent study by behavioral psychologistsYannick Joye and Siegfried Dewitte (listed in the sources below) has found that tall, large-scale buildings produce measurable feelings of awe in their viewers. When awe-struck, viewers typically experience momentary freezing or stillness. Freezing is one of the main stages of the defense cascade in humans and other animals, giving the awe-struck person a moment of hyper-vigilance toward the perceived threat. The Earliest Monumental Architecture The earliest known monumental architecture is dated to the periods in western Asia known as pre-pottery Neolithic A (abbreviated PPNA, dated between 10,000–8,500 calendar years BCE [cal BCE]) and PPNB ( 8,500–7,000 cal BCE). Hunter-gatherers living in communities such as Nevali Çori, Hallan Çemi, Jerf el-Ahmar, D’jade el-Mughara, Çayà ¶nà ¼ Tepesi, and Tel Abr all built communal structures (or public cult buildings) within their settlements. At Gà ¶bekli Tepe, in contrast, is the earliest monumental architecture located outside of a settlement- where it is hypothesized that several hunter-gatherer communities gathered regularly. Because of the pronounced ritual / symbolic elements at Gà ¶bekli Tepe, scholars such as Brian Hayden have suggested that the site contains evidence of emergent religious leadership. Tracing the Development of Monumental Architecture How cult structures might have evolved into monumental architecture has been documented at Hallan Çemi. Located in southeastern Turkey, Hallan Cemi is one of the oldest settlements in northern Mesopotamia. Cult structures significantly different from regular houses were constructed at Hallan Cemi about 12,000 years ago, and over time became larger and more elaborate in decoration and furniture. All of the cult buildings described below were located at the center of the settlement and arranged around a central open area about 15 m (50 ft) in diameter. That area contained dense animal bone and fire-cracked rock from hearths, plaster features (probably storage silos), and stone bowls and pestles. A row of three horned sheep skulls was also found, and this evidence together, say the excavators, indicates that the plaza itself was used for feasts, and perhaps rituals associated with them. Building Level 3 (the oldest): three C-shaped buildings made of river pebbles about 2 m (6.5 ft) in diameter and mortared with white plasterBuilding Level 2: three circular river-pebble buildings with paved floors, two 2 m in diameter and one 4 m (13 ft). The largest had a small plastered basin in the center.Building Level 1: four structures, all constructed of sandstone slabs rather than river pebbles. Two are relatively small (2.5 m, 8 ft in diameter), the other two are between 5-6 m (16-20 ft). Both of the larger structures are fully circular and semi-subterranean (excavated partly into the ground), each with a distinctive semicircular stone bench set against the wall. One had a complete auroch skull which apparently hung on the north wall facing the entrance. The floors had been resurfaced multiple times with a distinctive thin yellow sand and plaster mixture over a relatively sterile fine dirt fill. Few domestic materials were found inside the structures, but there were exotics, including copper ore and obsidian. Examples Not all monumental architecture was (or is for that matter) built for religious purposes. Some are gathering places: archaeologists consider plazas a form of monumental architecture since they are large open spaces built in the middle of town to be used by everyone. Some are purposeful- water control structures like dams, reservoirs, canal systems, and aqueducts. Sports arenas, government buildings, palaces, and churches: of course, many different large communal projects still exist in modern society, sometimes paid for by taxes. Some examples from across time and space include Stonehenge in the UK, the Egyptian Giza Pyramids, the Byzantine Hagia Sophia, the Qin Emperors Tomb, the American Archaic Poverty Point earthworks, Indias Taj Mahal, Maya water control systems, and the Chavin culture Chankillo observatory. Sources Atakuman, Çigdem. Architectural Discourse and Social Transformation During the Early Neolithic of Southeast Anatolia. Journal of World Prehistory 27.1 (2014): 1-42. Print. Bradley, Richard. Houses of Commons, Houses of Lords: Domestic Dwellings and Monumental Architecture in Prehistoric Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 79 (2013): 1-17. Print. Finn, Jennifer. Gods, Kings, Men: Trilingual Inscriptions and Symbolic Visualizations in the Achaemenid Empire. Ars Orientalis 41 (2011): 219-75. Print. Freeland, Travis, et al. Automated Feature Extraction for Prospection and Analysis of Monumental Earthworks from Aerial Lidar in the Kingdom of Tonga. Journal of Archaeological Science 69 (2016): 64-74. Print. Joye, Yannick, and Siegfried Dewitte. Up Speeds You Down. Awe-Evoking Monumental Buildings Trigger Behavioral and Perceived Freezing. Journal of Environmental Psychology 47.Supplement C (2016): 112-25. Print. Joye, Yannick, and Jan Verpooten. An Exploration of the Functions of Religious Monumental Architecture from a Darwinian Perspective. Review of General Psychology 17.1 (2013): 53-68. Print. McMahon, Augusta. Space, Sound, and Light: Toward a Sensory Experience of Ancient Monumental Architecture. American Journal of Archaeology 117.2 (2013): 163-79. Print. Stek, Tesse D. Monumental Architecture of Non-Urban Cult Places in Roman Italy. A Companion to Roman Architecture. Eds. Ulrich, Roger B. and Caroline K. Quenemoen. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2014. 228-47. Print. Swenson, Edward. Moche Ceremonial Architecture as Thirdspace: The Politics of Place-Making in the Ancient Andes. Journal of Social Archaeology 12.1 (2012): 3-28. Print. Watkins, Trevor. New Light on Neolithic Revolution in South-West Asia. Antiquity 84.325 (2010): 621–34. Print.

Jane Addams' Vision of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jane Addams' Vision of Democracy - Essay Example She spent seven years after her graduation trying to identify a worthwhile career. (US Political thought). In search of clarity, she made two trips to Europe. The first was in 1883-85. The second was in 1887-88. During her second trip she visited Toynbee Hall and was greatly influenced by what she saw. She decided to establish a similar settlement house in Chicago. Joining hands with her friend Ellen Gates Starr, she opened the Hull House in September 1889. The life history of Jane Addams is marked by ups and downs. The ebbs and tides of social recognition she received were severe and strong. Her defense of the anarchists following the assassination of the President William McKinlev (September 1901) showed her in poor light. But it was her stand against the involvement of America in the First World War that brought her name and fame to a record low level. The negative feedbacks never slowed her down. Jean Bethke Elshtain points out, "Elizabeth Dilling described Jane Addams as a dangerous radical masquerading as a saintly champion of the poor." (Elshtain 19) Jane Addams seemed to accept bouquets and brickbats gracefully. She was continuing on her chosen path. In 1931 she was awarded the honorary doctorate by the University of Chicago. In the same year, she got Nobel Award jointly with Nicholas Murray Butler. The beautiful life sketch drawn by Jean Bethke Elshtain brings out vividly how Jane Addams who fought to improve the living standards of the residents of Hull House, was drawn into the realms of dangerous and seedy realms of Chicago politics; how her insistence upon peace and justice at international level, made lose her popularity at national level; and how, in due course her relentless fight for peace gradually removed the national scorn; and again, she gained recognition at national and international levels. Though Jane Addams' fame did slide down sometimes, her sincere work has carved a niche for her in the minds of the people. A proof for this is that her book 'Twenty Years at Hull-House' in which she has given a description of her early years has never gone out of print since its first publication in 1910. Jane Addams was admired as a respectable social worker, fighter for the rights of women and downtrodden, an intellectual, effective writer and a political activist. She highlighted by her own example that the core of true citizenship was the concern for others' difficulties and concerted efforts to be of help to all. In her vision of democracy, by personal example, she laid rules for true citizens. By defining true citizens, by emphasizing direct participation in social life, she defined democracy. Jean Bethke Elshtain, who was determined "to draw back the curtain of historic mist and dust that has obscured Addams and blurred her reputation", has provided the most appropriate source to understand Jane Addams' vision of American Democracy. Addams did believe in Democracy. Her father had given her a concept of democracy. learnt from Abraham Lincoln, his one time political acquaintance. We all know that the most simple, direct and evocative definition of Democracy, "Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people." has come down to us from Abraham Lincoln. Addams had been initiated into this personally by her father in her formative years. So her vision of dem

Case 15.1 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

15.1 - Case Study Example n their locality and apart from a place to work out it also lets them socialize with local community people, saves time and cost of traveling because if the gym is located far and customers need to drive long to reach the place, they lose motivation for fitness fast. Also that they can use their membership in any of the Snap Fitness centers makes it more convenient for them to work out wherever they are be it office or home or any other place and do not have to skip working out because of location. In today’s stressful society convenience is given utmost priority by customers in choosing a service or product. However I do not think this is the only advantage Snap Fitness is offering its members, its affordable membership and no contracts only monthly membership fees and easy manage franchises also add to its appeal to both members as well as franchisees and give a competitive edge over its rivals. For Snap Fitness the most appropriate Franchise system would be the Business Format Franchise, because it is a service they are selling and Snap Fitness has a unique business model for both its franchisees and its members. In this format Snap Fitness needs to provide Franchisee with its unique business formula, training, advertising, equipment and other assistance. It can use an area franchise agreement that allows the franchisee in a geographical area to own and operate a given number of franchises that is Snap Fitness centers (Barringer and Ireland, 516). In its franchisees, the characteristics Snap Fitness is looking for are that Franchisees are able to deliver its members its unique business model, must be able to handle billing and collecting processes, Franchisees should be able to maintain the company’s lean business model and have financial net worth of $250, 000 and $500,000 in Liquid assets and that Franchisees are able to deliver on the â€Å"must haves† list prepared by Pete Taunton. As the business requires normal working hours and can be managed

Examine how effectively one local authority empowers young people by Essay

Examine how effectively one local authority empowers young people by facilitating the election of a young mayor - Essay Example Apart from this, the other policies being undertaken by the government include the establishment of the ‘Youth Innovations Zones’. In fact, in recent scenario, the UK government is undertaking prudent strategies in order to accelerate the youth participation. The youth participation is increasing in the areas such as building futures, developing engagement and augmenting participation in learning as well as work among others (Department for Education, 2011). The UK government’s effort in providing the young generation with the power to generate opportunities for themselves can be well identified by ‘Young Mayor’s Project’. London Borough of Lewisham is known for its history that reflects about the encouragement and the involvement of young people’s participation pertaining to the local democracy. This particular project is determined as a strategy to encourage citizenship along with the participation of Lewisham’s young people. This study intends to discuss the effectiveness of the local authority in empowering the young people by facilitating the election of a young mayor in the London Borough of Lewisham. Furthermore, the concerned study will provide a reflection on the young people policies and practices. It will further evaluate the notion of youth participation and citizenship for the work with young people. ‘Young Mayor’ is regarded as a young person, who is usually elected by a group of young people to represent themselves. ‘Young Mayor Scheme’ is looked upon as the election process. In accordance with the ‘Youth Mayor Scheme’, it can be determined that this particular scheme executes considering the cabinet based system. One of the key constituents of Lewisham‘s Young Mayor Scheme is that it involves 25 young advisers for the purpose of decision making. In this regard, it can be well ascertained that their prior responsibilities include conveying the information and the concerns of the young

Comparing and Contrasting Christianity and Catholicism Research Paper

Comparing and Contrasting Christianity and Catholicism - Research Paper Example   However, regrettably, Protestants have often been heard saying, â€Å"Catholics are not Christians,† but Catholics have never, to the best of this student’s knowledge, been heard to retaliate. As a starting point, and without digging deeply into theological tenants, it might help for comparison and contrasting purposes to get a simple definition of Christian. The Evangelical Church of America (2011) states that â€Å"Christianity is one of the world’s major monotheistic religions. Christians believe in Jesus Christ and follow his teachings. We believe that Jesus is God’s own son, sent to become human. As the son of God, Jesus is divine.† So using this simple and incomplete definition of Christianity, a look is in order to find what differences may exist between Catholics and Christians. To this student, the answer to a question on â€Å"Is There a Difference Between Catholic and Christian† (2011) tells the whole story. It says, â€Å"There are many Christian denominations and churches Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist. Being a member of one doesn’t determine whether one is a Christian. The real issue is whether the person has Jesus living inside of him...If they actually have a personal relationship with God.† Note that this author also lists Catholics with various Protestant denominations. Looking for differences between Christianity and Catholicism, one can find a few, most of the little consequence. For instance, Catholics believe in seven Sacraments (holy moments); namely, baptism, Eucharist, confirmation, marriage, ordination, reconciliation/confession and anointing of the sick, which not all Christian denominations do. Furthermore, Catholics believe that Saint Mary, the greatest saint of all, and did not sin while other Christians, although respecting Mary as the mother of Jesus believe that she sinned the same as anyone else.  Ã‚  

Evolution of Internet Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of Internet Paper - Essay Example With the evolution of internet, devices used to support it have also developed and am outstanding example of these devices is the router. In this part of question, this paper is going to research on three companies (TRENDNet, D-Link and Linksys) selling high-speed router products. It will also compare the most powerful routers sold, as well as elaborating meaning of the term, ‘most powerful’ as with regard to routers. A router is a networking device that analyzes data and forwards it to a certain destination. To transfer the data efficiently and accurately, a lot of activity takes place inside the router. In addition to enabling most computers to go online, it enables computer networking in the most effective way (Zdnet 2012). There are different companies that manufacture high speed routers. The best examples of such companies are TRENDNet, D-Link, and Linksys which deal with high speed routers. Their routers can handle the bandwidth that one subscribes with an internet of 1 mbps connection which can go up to 12 mbps. The TRENDNet Company in California has been supporting home and business networks. Among the products TRENDNet, Company deals with are, high speed routers like TRENDnet TW100 BRV214 and TRENDnet TW100 S4W1CA, and are connected to a modem via Ethernet port (Zdnet 2012). D-link is another company which has developed technology products for two and half decades. It offers solutions for large corporations, educational and government institutions as well as home and office. The company also offers high speed routers like the D-link DI 704p and D-link DIR-130 Broadband VPN Router (Zdnet 2012). Just like the TRENDnet routers, D-link’s routers are connected to a modem via Ethernet. The third company that deals with high speed routers is Linksys, which has been providing technology solutions for long. The company has high speed routers with high performance like; Linksys E4200 dual band wireless-N router and RV042 router (Zdnet 2012). Linksys routers are slimmer than those of the other two companies. They are other software that accompanies these routers to enable the user to get the optimum benefit. High speed routers should be connected in the correct configuration order of modem, router then computer as analyzed in the Introduction to High Speed Routers (2009). The modem connects to internet provider, then the high speed router connects to the modem, and the computer connects to the high speed router. To me the most powerful router can be defined by the ability of the router to enable computer networking, the high speed in downloading files from the internet, the one which does not require antennae to tap signals. The router should also be able to connect wireless-G and wireless-N without complications, and should have the ability to set up a separate network for each band. Week 4 DQ 2 Since 1997 The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) has been responsible for the administration of internet addresses and domains for parts of the Caribbean and North America including Canada and United states. The decision by the American government to have the US department of defense secede from the support for commercial internet inspired its formation (Comer 2000). One of its services is the Whois service, which can be used to determine address blocks for institutions within the United States. It can also be used to determine geographical locations of specific internet provider addresses. In this part of question,

Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market Growth Assignment

Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market Growth - Assignment Example It was initially formed as a joint venture with Daimler-Benz AG of Germany. The company received a breakthrough by the launch of its first passenger car, The Tata Indica, in 1998. The company is headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company’s global recognition can be established by the fact that it is the fourth largest truck maker and third largest bus manufacturer in the world. The first Tata car was rolled out in the year 1954. Most of the production facilities of the company are located in India itself. Globally, Tata Motors have significant operational presence in UK, South Korea, Thailand and Spain apart from the market presence in Europe, Africa, Middle East, South America, South Asia and South East Asia. (Tata Motors, 2011) Some of the big ticket acquisitions and joint ventures inside and outside the country have helped Tata Motors to grow at a higher rate. Some of the big acquisitions made by Tata Motors are South Korea’s Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, acqu isition of 21% stake in Spanish bus maker Hispano Carrocera and UK’s Jaguar Land Rover. Some of the notable joint ventures of Tata Motors are Tata Fiat in India, Tata Marcopolo and Thailand’s Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant Company. Tata Motors has also made impact by introducing the world’s cheapest car Tata Nano in 2008. Even during such tremendous growth period, Tata Motors is highly impacted by globalisation. Globalisation has impacted Tata Motors in many ways. Increased competitions, technological advancement, marketing challenges, etc. are some of them. This essay will make a closer look into the various impacts of globalisation on Tata Motors. II. Theoretical Framework The impact of globalisation on Tata Motors can be analysed based on the various theories and models. Some of the models that can be used in this case are Pestel Framework, SWOT Analysis, 4 P’s, Porter’s Diamond Model and Boston Matrix. Using these tools will help to look cl osely into the globalisation issues of Tata Motors. Pestel Framework: Pestel framework will help to analyse Tata Motors regarding the challenges like political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. It can be said that most of the impacts of globalisation can be discussed under any of these six environmental factors. â€Å"By using the PESTEL framework we can analyse the many different factors in a firm's macro environment.† (Oxford University Press, 2007) Understanding the factor(s) that has the most impact is important to formulate future strategies for the company. Therefore, a PESTEL analysis will help to identify which factor(s) cause the most impact on the businesses and operations of Tata Motors. SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis is important in this case because it will help to identify the internal and external advantages and disadvantages for Tata Motors. â€Å"SWOT is the overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, oppo rtunities, and threats.† (Wang, 2007) Understanding the strong and weak areas of a company is extremely important in order to decide how well it can make use of the market

Evolution of Internet Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of Internet Paper - Essay Example With the evolution of internet, devices used to support it have also developed and am outstanding example of these devices is the router. In this part of question, this paper is going to research on three companies (TRENDNet, D-Link and Linksys) selling high-speed router products. It will also compare the most powerful routers sold, as well as elaborating meaning of the term, ‘most powerful’ as with regard to routers. A router is a networking device that analyzes data and forwards it to a certain destination. To transfer the data efficiently and accurately, a lot of activity takes place inside the router. In addition to enabling most computers to go online, it enables computer networking in the most effective way (Zdnet 2012). There are different companies that manufacture high speed routers. The best examples of such companies are TRENDNet, D-Link, and Linksys which deal with high speed routers. Their routers can handle the bandwidth that one subscribes with an internet of 1 mbps connection which can go up to 12 mbps. The TRENDNet Company in California has been supporting home and business networks. Among the products TRENDNet, Company deals with are, high speed routers like TRENDnet TW100 BRV214 and TRENDnet TW100 S4W1CA, and are connected to a modem via Ethernet port (Zdnet 2012). D-link is another company which has developed technology products for two and half decades. It offers solutions for large corporations, educational and government institutions as well as home and office. The company also offers high speed routers like the D-link DI 704p and D-link DIR-130 Broadband VPN Router (Zdnet 2012). Just like the TRENDnet routers, D-link’s routers are connected to a modem via Ethernet. The third company that deals with high speed routers is Linksys, which has been providing technology solutions for long. The company has high speed routers with high performance like; Linksys E4200 dual band wireless-N router and RV042 router (Zdnet 2012). Linksys routers are slimmer than those of the other two companies. They are other software that accompanies these routers to enable the user to get the optimum benefit. High speed routers should be connected in the correct configuration order of modem, router then computer as analyzed in the Introduction to High Speed Routers (2009). The modem connects to internet provider, then the high speed router connects to the modem, and the computer connects to the high speed router. To me the most powerful router can be defined by the ability of the router to enable computer networking, the high speed in downloading files from the internet, the one which does not require antennae to tap signals. The router should also be able to connect wireless-G and wireless-N without complications, and should have the ability to set up a separate network for each band. Week 4 DQ 2 Since 1997 The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) has been responsible for the administration of internet addresses and domains for parts of the Caribbean and North America including Canada and United states. The decision by the American government to have the US department of defense secede from the support for commercial internet inspired its formation (Comer 2000). One of its services is the Whois service, which can be used to determine address blocks for institutions within the United States. It can also be used to determine geographical locations of specific internet provider addresses. In this part of question,

Essay on Compulsory Primary Education Essay Example for Free

Essay on Compulsory Primary Education Essay In a country everybody should know how to read and write and how to count, so that everybody can help the society with a better capacity. Primary education is based mainly on reading, writing and arithmetic. This is the minimum education that one should get, specially in a poor country like India, where nothing more can be possibly done owing to paucity of funds. Advantages: The present age is the age of people. In most of the countries there are democratic form of Government. Democracy cannot be successful if the people are illiterate. Because illiterate persons cannot read the newspapers. They cannot read the political pamplets. So, they remain in dark about their countrys affairs. People should have a least the primary education for their easy conduct in the society and for the success of democracy. Why it should be made compulsory: The poor people do not send their children to school for want of money. Some children work elsewhere to supplement their family-income. The farmers children help their parents in the field. So, they cannot come to school if it is not made compulsory. but it must be free education and children should get their books and slates from the Government. Most of the parents being poor, their children should be provided with free fooding and free clothing. Conclusion: It is the duty of every Government to make the primary education free and compulsory. The Government of India should work out this scheme with all sincerity, so that all the children of the entire country will come within the scheme. People should co-operate with the Government in this campaign. Students can help their local people to work out the primary education programme. During their holidays and vacations they should open camp-schools in their own localities and teach the local children in suitable hours.

A Life Of Sacrifice History Essay

A Life Of Sacrifice History Essay November 13, 2010 wasnt a special day to many people. But to about fifty million Burmese, it might be the turning point of their lives. On that day, a lady called Aung San Suu Kyi was released from detention. In front of her house, a crowd of her supporters gathered together to celebrate the release. The lady is the pro-democracy leader of Burma and has been detained for 15 of the past 21 years, most of it under house arrest. Define Moral courage Thesis statement. Aung San Suu Kyi was the only daughter of Aung San, the man considered to be the founder of modern Burma. Unfortunately, Suu Kyi was only two years old when her father was assassinated in 1948. She hardly remembered anything about this great man. But even though I never really knew him, she said, I was always told how much the Burmese people loved and revered him.' (The Lady) Aung San Suu Kyi spent a lot of time learning about her fathers philosophy and commitment to the cause of independence. This desire to understand her fathers feelings eventually translated into the belief that she had to finish the job that her father had begun. When Aung San Suu Kyi was fifteen years old, her mother Khin Kyi was appointed Burmese ambassador to India. As a result, Suu Kyi moved to India to accompany her mother. Upon arriving in India, Suu Kyi spent one year in a strict convent school. The following year she attended Delhi University, where she learned about political science. During the first few years when Suu Kyi lived in India, she explored the lessons of passive resistance of Mahatma Ghandi and Jawaharlal Nehru. When Suu Kyi was accepted at St. Hughs College at Oxford, she left Delhi University. As an undergraduate at St. Hughs in Oxford, Suu Kyi was remembered as very demure and genuinely innocent, yet with a strong sense of belonging to the Burmese elite. (The Lady 48). Two years after Suu Kyi received her degree, she left for New York. When Suu Kyi arrived in New York to stay with Ma Than E, the older woman had just started working at United Nations headquarters. At Ma Than Es suggestion, Suu Kyi decided to resume her studies at a later date and instead apply for a job at the United Nations. In March 1988, Suu Kyi received a call from a close family friend in Burma, informing Suu Kyi that her mother had suffered a severe stroke. Almost immediately, Suu Kyi began packing. I had a premonition, Michael wrote in the introduction to a collection of essays about his wife, that our lives would change forever. (Burmas Iron Aunty) The next morning Suu Kyi was on a plane heading to Burma. When Aung San Suu Ki arrived in Rangoon to care for her mother, General Ne Wins military socialist government had been in power for twenty-six years. During that time, Burma had gone from being one of the richest nations in Southeast Asia to one of the poorest, most isolated, and most corrupt countries in the world. Thousands of monks, students, and ordinary civilians took to the streets in protest against the government. For weeks, as Suu Kyi nursed her mother in the hospital, the violence intensified, with groups of young people marauding through the streets of Rangoon.(The lady 56) By June, the doctors announced that there was no hope that Suu Kyis mother would recover. Suu Kyi made the decision to take her mother home to University Avenue, where she could die peacefully in her own room. Aung San Suu Kyi has never claimed that when she came to Burma in 1988, it was to lead a pro-democracy movement. It wasnt as if the students were organized in definite political groups in 1988, Suu Kyi once explained. The democracy movement evolved out of general chaos that was everywhere in Burma. It was this climate of rebellion that caused many political groups to emerge, which eventually coalesced into a democracy movement. On August 8, 1988, a day known as the Four 8s, a nationwide strike was called and that included students, civilians, lawyers, doctors, monks and civil servants. Crowds surged into the streets for a pro-democracy demonstration. Sein Lwin responded by ordering troops to open fire. However, the demonstrations continued and the death toll mounted. As Suu Kyi nursed her dying mother, she was kept informed daily of the news and mourned those who lost their lives on the streets of Burmese cities. By then, rumors that Aung San Suu Kyi was in the country had already sp read. Many people believed that the presence of General Aung Sans daughter in Burma meant that more than fifty years of repression, civil unrest, and violence would finally end. All of a sudden, pictures of General Aung San became a prominent symbol of the pro-democracy movement. In response to the hundreds of thousands of people who continued to demonstrate throughout the countries, Aung San Suu Kyi wrote an open letter to the government proposing that a committee be formed for the sole purpose of leading the country toward multiparty elections. Within days, Suu Kyi became a public figure, speaking out for human-rights and liberal free-market economic system. On August 26, surrounded by her supporters, she spoke to a crowd estimated at half a million people. Her message was simple: nonviolence, human-rights, and democracy. For Burmese, Suu Kyi not only was a poignant reminder of the past, but a living symbol of hope for the future. (Body paragraphs continued, influence of Buddhism, In 1991, this once obscure Burmese woman, when she had been living in exile for more than two decades and had been under house arrest for three years, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. There was no better way for the pro-democracy movement in Burma to make the world aware of the political repression throughout the country than for Aung San Suu Kyi and to have won the Nobel Peace Prize. Yet, there were many people, especially within Daw Suu Kyis inner circle, who feared that winning the prize would make it even more difficult for Daw Suu Kyi and the SLORC to come to any compromise. As the eighth woman in history to win the peace prize, and the first to receive it while in captivity, Daw Suu Kyi became the focus of a variety of human-rights groups throughout the world, as well as the United States Department of State under the Clinton administration-which suddenly put the pro-democracy movement in Burma high on its international agenda. (The lady) Prior to the summer protests, there had been growing unease in the population regarding the economic distress of the country which has stagnant economic growth and is ranked among the 20 poorest countries in the world according to the United Nations.[9] Many, including the United Nations have blamed the economic problems on the leadership of the military junta and the proportion of national income spent on the armed forces. In late 2006, the cost of basic commodities began rising sharply in Burma with rice, eggs, and cooking oil increasing by 30-40%. According to the BBC, on 22 February 2007, a small group of individuals protested the current state of consumer prices in the country. While the protest was small and careful not to be seen as directed at the military junta, officials jailed nine of the protesters. The military junta detained eight people on Sunday, 22 April 2007 who took part in a rare demonstration in a Yangon suburb amid a growing military crackdown on protesters. A g roup of about ten protesters carrying placards and chanting slogans staged the protest Sunday morning in Yangons Thingangyun township, calling for lower prices and improved health, education and better utility services. The protest ended peacefully after about 70 minutes, but plainclothes police took away eight demonstrators as some 100 onlookers watched. On 15 August 2007 the government removed subsidies on fuel causing a rapid and unannounced increase in prices.[11] The government, which has a monopoly on fuel sales, raised prices from about $1.40 to $2.80 a gallon, and boosted the price of natural gas by about 500%.[9] This increase in fuel prices led to an increase in food prices. Soon afterwards, protesters took to the streets to protest the current conditions. These peaceful protests of September 2007 in Burma were not brought to any significant conclusion. The protests were not brought by opposition groups, or foreign governments. However, the Burmese lay people, and the monks were frustrated with the economic and political situation of the country. When the time came activists monks successfully brought together the people of Burma to protest. These protests gave sight to many young people to witness first-hand the brutality of an authoritarian government, thus making them realize the sacrifices the people had to make while fi ghting for political changes in Burma. Furthermore, the junta agreed to talk to the opposition because they want a win-win situation for all. The catch being that the opposition groups follow the rules of the government as of now. Despite all of the talks going on between groups, true democratic changes are still far from being obtained, making the political future of the country uncertain. On the evening of May 3, 2009, Yettaw swam a 2-kilometer (1.25-mile) distance across Lake Inya in Rangoon to the house where Aung San Suu Kyi was held under house arrest by Myanmar authorities. He asked Suu Kyi if he could stay at the house for a few days. She refused, and her caretakers threatened to turn him in to the authorities, but Suu Kyi agreed to let him stay on the ground floor after he began to complain about leg cramps. The Myanmar government requires all non-family overnight visitors to be registered and forbids overnight stays by foreigners. As a result of the 2009 visit, the authorities declared that Suu Kyi breached the conditions of her house arrest.[25] She was charged under the countrys Law Safeguarding the State from the Dangers of Subversive Elements, which carried a three-to-five-year jail term. (legacies and influences) One of the most difficult challenges that Aung San Suu Kyi faces is not only to bring democracy to Burma, but to achieve that goal without putting the people at risk. (her nonviolence philosophy) It is a difficult task since the Burmese people have been shut off from the rest of the world for decades, and do not believe democracy and freedom to be their inalienable rights. As a result, Daw Suu Kyis role lies somewhere between that of a politician who leads the people toward democracy, and a spiritual figure who encourages people to take their initiatives in riding the country of an oppressive regime. For the majority of the Burmese people, the most important sacrifice that Aung San Suu Kyi made for them was not giving in to the SLORCs demands during the six years that the military kept her under house arrest. The SLORC insists that at any time during those years. The lady always had the choice of safe passage out of Burma in a car to the airport and a free one-way ticket back to England where she had been living for the last two decades. For Suu Kyi, that was always an unacceptable alternative. It is also her credit that she refused a sign of courage and stamina that she remained steadfast in her commitment to bring democracy to her country of birth. (The lady) Since 1988, when Aung San Suu Kyi first became visibly involved in the struggle for democracy, the people have become even devoted and loyal to her, more committed to the cause of freedom in Burma, and more dependent on her to bring their plight to the worlds attention. If that were not the case, the NLD would have never survived-and grown-despite all the obstacles the government has put in its way since 1988. (Conclusion) Courage means to work for what you believe with perseverance and to be strong and to have good will. Its not courageous to use ones physical strength and to shout loudly, said Suu Kyi. It is undeniable that Aung San Suu Kyi demonstrated her moral courage. Her sense of responsibility helped Burmese achieve their final goal. Her own little step was a big step to democracy progress in Burmese Unplayed Piano.

Gcse English Poetry: Auden compared with Calrke Essay example -- Engli

Gcse English Poetry: Auden compared with Calrke GCSE ENGLISH POETRY The two poems that I will be analysing are ‘Stop all the Clocks’ by W.H. Auden and ‘The Vet’ by Gillian Clarke. My discussion will be based on the theme of the poems and look at how the poets used form and language to help his readers understand and make meaning out of the poem. STOP ALL THE CLOCKS THEME The theme of this poem is about grief. The poet takes his readers through a simple but complex journey that explains the different stages of grief that a person feels when a loved one dies. The poem reveals the emotional upheaval that death can cause. The grief felt is carefully illustrated by the poet in the form and language he uses throughout the poem which has a strict rhyming scheme of AABB throughout the 4 stanzas. FORM AND LANGUAGE The form and language that was used by the poet to describe the feeling and mood of the bereaved was spread throughout. The first stanza simply showed the first stage of grief and that the bereaved is coming to terms with the death of a loved one. For example, he said ‘stop all the clocks’ which signified that he wanted to focus on what had just happened and does not want to forget his love as people do over a period of time. Again he said, ‘cut off the telephone’ meaning he wanted to be alone without communicating to anyone. This is because she wanted to concentrate and grieve on the death of his loved one without people offering their condolences. Then the last line of the stanza, he said, ‘bring out the coffin†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which suggests that he wanted to start making funeral plans. In the second stanza he wanted to let everyone know that his loved one has died and he mentioned in the fir... ...tcher by saying â€Å"no inter-uterine butchery† because he uses scalpel just as the butcher uses sharp blades to cut open animals when performing on them. The poet compares the Vet to a butcher in the verse because just as the butcher, the Vet uses a scalpel to cut open the cow and bring out the calf and the child basically cannot differentiate between a Vet and a Butcher The last verse is all about the birth of the calf. At this stage the Vet finally brings out the calf from its mother’s womb. The poet describes the cow as a ‘brimming mother’ in the last line of the stanza comparing the female cow to a human mother. This is because when the calf is born the mother cow shows the calf a lot of love and emotion just as the human mother when they give birth to a child. This makes this particular birth more to a human birth and the calf appear more to a child.

Representation of Manners :: essays research papers

Representation of Manners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel of manners is a novel that focuses on the customs, values, and mindset of a particular class or group of people who are situated in a specific historical context (Bowers and Brothers 5). The context tends to be one in which behavior has been codified and language itself has become formulated, resulting in a suppressing or regulating of individual expression. Often, this type of novel details a conflict between the individual’s desires and the ethical, moral, economic, or interpersonal mandates of society (Bowers and Brothers 5). The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton is a novel of manners concerned with the subtle nuances of behavior and standards of correctness portrayed by the upper-class of New York in the late 1890s. In the novel, Wharton uses the genre to depict Lily Bart’s struggle to maintain individualism while conforming to society’s expectations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel of manners developed in the 19th century as authors explored the place of women in society and the social effect of marriage (Bowers and Brothers 4). These authors wanted to show in particular the problems that come with marriage as well as with the problems of conforming to society. The world of the novel of manners was perceived as a woman’s world, viewed from a woman’s perspective (Bowers and Brothers 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The genre developed four specific conventions in the 19th century. Out of the four, three of the conventions are represented in The House of Mirth. One of the conventions was that the protagonist of the novel was usually a single woman looking to get married. The second convention dealt with the woman’s understanding of the socio-economic class within the novel. This was an important factor because it determined whom the woman would marry. The third convention found in The House of Mirth was the novel ending with the marriage or death of the protagonist, the case of Lily Bart, death. The House Mirth portrays all these conventions in the novel but instead of Lily conforming to society, Lily attempts to develop her own self-identity and independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lily Bart, the protagonist of The House of Mirth, was an unmarried 29 year old woman who desired to be a social success â€Å"[or] to get as much as one [could] out of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wharton 81). Her mission was to marry a relatively wealthy man, thereby ensuring her financial stability and a place in the higher levels of New York society.

Pursuing Perfection: Society, Media and Beauty

Beauty has been long defined as a set of attractive features a certain individual appreciates. It is a generally accepted notion that beauty remains to be declared by the one who sees. However, as time went by, people’s sight blurred and along the chaos, this individual’s notion of beauty became the one and only truth. Being sensitive to what is real beauty is as dull as it sounds inefficient.To simply redefine what is beauty is never simple. Influenced from certain icons, highlighted by flashing media, and affirmed by many socialites, beauty has become more than a description of the face. Women had to be always pretty and slim.Men had to be muscular and strong. It has become a high demand in the market where hobbies and little appreciation became obsessions. The American society would almost chant miracles by cosmetic surgeries. The media plays a major influence, the society tolerates the subtle imposition, and the person within grasps the whole idea with both arms. Me dia Affirmation Media affirms the silent speculation of how people define beauty. People think they will not fit in with other people and ad commercials will show them how they can be happier when they are as beautiful as their models. It will be a challenge, the ad would say, but worth doing so.Little did the audience know that they were simply trying to sell their products that truthfully caring for their lives. To be young and full of physical life is the only key to happiness. According to website Media Awareness Network, ads take advantage of the insecurities of the people. Those who are not beautiful should use their products. When they use the products, and achieve the kind of beauty they desire, then their lives would be worth living. These ads could be as simple as the right clothes to wear for the season or the latest trend in cosmetic surgery available in the market today.Regardless of what product it is, it will make their lives perfect, or so their ad says so. Media has presented different options: shampoos, soaps, perfume, lipstick, make-up, clothes, accessories, shoes, bags, and even underwear. Media would allow people to choose to make them feel the freely did so. But each item on the racks and shelves of malls and grocery stores lead to say one thing: if you want to be beautiful, use it until you are. Society and the Tasty Bait In this regard, media hands over a product as a bait, and society takes a bite on it.In any generation of people, what others think and feel about a certain person mattered a lot to that person. It dictates how they should fit in into society and how they can be truly happy when they are truly beautiful. When the ads say a person will have to be slim so that others would even find true friends, then it would seem then that the basis of relationships is shallow to begin with. For every culture, beauty is defined differently. However, in the latest trends of fashion and influences, and the rise of a global market, one con strued definition has crossed borders.It made the world want that kind of beauty. The kind that is rather superficial than appealing to certain existential individuals and society is most appealed by it. It is one thing to have all forms of media present a definition of beauty, it is another when the rest of society applies these bait to everything it was intended for. Website Associated Content noted that media distorts the meaning of beauty but the society takes as it is. One could even say that society even confirms the ads and everybody else should follow. People should always be beautiful and sexy no matter who or where they are.Weakling Within There will always be the option to not follow the trends and be themselves no matter how eccentric they are. But as the society dictates, the individual is more inclined to follow. This means that other affairs associated with that person is influenced by the constantly changing trends. YGoY Beauty Tips even noted that even in employment , employers also consider the physical attributes of a person before hiring them under their wing. However, as observed of majority of America, they failed to consider other attractive qualities of a person that cannot be observed by the eye by first glance.Being intelligent with a great sense of humor can also be considered as beautiful. The individual is weak and insecure. It has made them quite gullible and the companies have taken advantage of this by blasting all avenues of media possible solutions. They are saying, one will have to feel beautiful to be less miserable. With ads presenting mostly physical beauty than essential beauty, an individual will assume that beauty should start from the skin, instead of from the heart. Companies catered to the fears and insecurities and turned them around to make them buy the product to solve their problems.These assumptions, according to the abovementioned website, were affirmed by a research study. People strongly believe that physicall y beautiful people are happy and content with their lives. It has become their personal goals to reach this level. They failed to see that without being the epitome of beauty, one can achieve great happiness as well. But because the society applies what the media says, an individual bends to these trends. As another article from Associated Content said, beauty is demanding. Conclusion In the end, the definition of beauty today is the misconception of what is really most important in life.It deludes the public and make them feel secure enough to get into the next day. It pushed people to believe that you always have to fit in. Little did these people know that they are just being succumbed to buy certain products and make other people happy. Certain people bend for it and others end being obsessed with it. Beauty became a form of evil when it should be most appealing even with eyes closed. Beauty has been defined by media, as a marketing strategy to continually have their products on sale. Society takes on the definition beyond that an economic exchange. They made it as a way of life, indulging at what the media offered.The individual succumbs to the manipulation to alleviate their own insecurities. With this, one loses the essence of being an individual. Being who you are no longer mattered and fitting in did. Being happy is not being able to express oneself completely. Instead it is about being beautiful and always appealing to anyone’s eyes. They pursue perfection. But how could anyone continuously look at a person’s face, and appealed by it, if the words that come out of their painted lips are not as the plastic face has promised? References (2005). What are the notions of beauty in society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://beautytips.ygoy. com/general-tips/effects. php. (2006, December 20). Society and the pursuit of society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/103679/society_and_the_pursuit_of_b eauty. html? cat=9. (2008). Beauty and body image in the media. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. media-awareness. ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty. cfm. Little Lady. (2006, November 8). Media distortion of beauty. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/84381/media_distortion_of_beauty. html? page=1&cat=60.

Economics & restaurant price

The restaurant price and whole price data shows that cost based and price discrimination based theory has been applied to the fifty wine products listed. The groups of wine are divided into to groups. They are the red win group and the white wine group. The data shows that the restaurant owners bought the wines from the whole sale store. The restaurant owner then adds a markup to cover for the cost of running a restaurant. The cost of running a restaurant includes the whole cost of the wine bought from the wholesale store and the cost serving the wine.Waiters, cashiers and dishwashers are part of the wine serving process(Brown,16). The additional restaurant wine includes the additional cleanup, the cost of storing the wine in the wine store room, the cost of managing and ensuring continuous stocks of the wines in the restaurant storeroom. The additional markup includes the cost of paying a wine connoisseur. He is an expert in wine criticism and advices the company on which wine to bu y, how long to store the wines in the store room, and also how to serve wine.The most important reason for introducing markups is to charge the restaurant clients for staying long hours on their tables talking business, or seducing a love object. In addition, the data presented showing that the restaurant price is an amount that has a mark –up of ninety –nine percent or more above the cost of buying the wines is definitely true. The restaurants add markups based on the willingness of the customers to pay the additional prices. This market segment does not care about the price of wine because they know that they want to add the high –priced wine to the food that they gobble up in the restaurants.This market segment even prefer to buy the high priced wines just for the pride of showing to their next table clients and to their restaurant friends that they have lots and lots of money. This market segment is willing to pay more for a wine because they feel that these wines rare and are of higher quality than the other wine brands(Philips,18). The data showing the fifteen wines clearly indicates that the restaurant charges each client a higher fee for the rare and higher –quality ones. The data also shows that the restaurant owners charge clients higher if they feel that the clients can afford to pay higher for the wines.On the other hand, the restaurant is willing to charge a higher markup if they foresee that the client is a little hard up on cash upon entering the restaurant. The implications of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above are many. One implication is that the restaurant must introduce the markups in order to stay in the business. A business would not survive if it does not make the bottom line. The bottom line is that the company must generate a net profit. A company that does not make a profit generates a loss. A company that generates a loss would not look good to the stakeholders of the company.Th e stakeholders of the company includes the stockholders, the employees, the customers, the suppliers, the community, the government regulating agencies, the labor unions, and even the board of directors if there are any. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are customers who do not mind the markups. Many of the customers can easily see that the higher amount they pay for the wines bought in restaurants is because they are will savor an hour or two of their romantic interludes and seduction in the restaurants.They will use the restaurant to sort of ‘lay their cards down’ in the courtship game of life. This is the value that the restaurant clients get in exchange for willingly paying more for a bottle of wine. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the restaurant prices of some wines are higher than the other wine choices. The $14. 25 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 96 percent of the cost. The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $18. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost.The $21. 60 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 99 percent of the cost. The $12. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are people who can afford the higher cost of wines. The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $12. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. The $ 7. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 220 percent of the cost. The $14.63 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. The $13. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 196 percent of the cost. The $ 6. 75 restaurant wine price is price d at a markup of 255 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there different wine qualities. The $ 6. 75 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 255 percent of the cost. The $14. 25 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 96 percent of the cost. The $17. 58 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost.The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $ 7. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 220 percent of the cost. The $18. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost. The $19. 20 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 119 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the business will survive. The different prices of the wines show that they are done to fit the budget of the clients. One wine is priced at $28 a bo ttle.Another wine is priced at Another wine is priced at $48. Another wine is priced at $78. Another wine is priced at $122. Another wine is priced at $32. Another wine is priced at $40. Another wine is priced at $24(Haslam,100). The above discussion shows that there many implications of variances in the restaurant prices when compared to the whole prices. Definitely, One implication is that the restaurant must introduce the markups in order to stay in the business. Clearly, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are customers who do not mind the markups.Undoubtedly, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the restaurant prices of some wines are higher than the other wine choices. Surely, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are people who can afford the higher cost of wines. Truly, another implication of th e cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there different wine qualities. Unquestionably, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the business will survive.Conclusively, the restaurant pricing above is founded on the economic principles of supply and demand(McConnell & Brue,52). REFERENCES: Haslam, C. , Economics in a Business Context, Oxford, Taylor & Francis, 1989 McConnell, C. , Brue, S. , Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, N. Y. , McGraw- Hill, 2005 Brown, D. , The Restaurant Manager’s Hnadbook: How to Set Up, Operate, and Manage a Financially Succesful Food Service Operation. N. Y. , Atlantic Press, 2003 Philips, L. , The Economics of Price Discrimination: four essays in applied price theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983